Not Your Grandmother’s Math

'emmett' photo (c) 2011, susanrm8 - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/Every Friday my syndicated column appears in a bunch of newspapers in southeastern Ontario and Saskatchewan. And–gasp!–sometimes I actually write about stuff other than sex. Lately I’ve been preoccupied with The Good Girl’s Guide to Great Sex, but here’s this week’s column for something different. If you have children in elementary school, and you’ve tried to help them with math lately, you may be able to relate:

When I was in grade two, I distinctly remember breaking out in a cold sweat when my teacher divided us into pairs to drill our subtraction facts. I could not for the life of me remember what 13-7 was. Nevertheless, I ended that year being able to recite all my math facts backwards and forwards, because that’s how we were taught.

Maclean’s magazine ran an interesting article recently detailing how math drills are passé. Not just that, but public schools often don’t teach long division anymore, or reinforce the other algorithms we grew up with (like add up the column and carry the 1). Today they do something more visual and more complicated.

A few years ago, our family went on a trip to a Kenyan orphanage, and our local Board of education graciously donated a complete set of grade 3 textbooks to ship over. When we showed the principal of the school those textbooks, he smiled sheepishly and said, “no, thanks.” I asked him to elaborate. Uncomfortably, he finally admitted, “They don’t teach things systematically. They spend too much time teaching about calculators. And they don’t teach the proper addition and subtraction techniques.”

As I flipped through the book to see what he was talking about, I recalled a story my nephew had told me about scoring 0 on a question on a math test. The question asked, “what is 6 times 6? Explain your answer three ways.” All he wrote was 36. That wasn’t good enough, apparently.

According to our education superiors in the government ministries, we face a math crisis because children were taught the “facts” but not the reason behind them. So today they use math manipulatives, like base 10 blocks. They use different algorithms to add things up, instead of memorizing and perfecting just one. They have lattices and grids and paper strips instead of just columns of numbers.

Through these methods, we’re supposed to produce children who can think creatively, rather than children who can just recite their times tables. And the benefit of North American education over Kenyan education, supposedly, is that our children will excel in this kind of creative thinking.

I understand. But the vast majority of our students will not be software developers or engineers. They will be interior designers, who have to calculate the surface area of a room to know how much paint to order. They will be cashiers who have to make change. Or they will install flooring, and need to know how many boards to order. That’s why I would prefer we educate people to actually know what 6 x 7 is.

In Kenya, kids who had missed out on years of formal education, and who were using scratch pads with broken pencils, sitting two to a desk, could do math in grade 5 that we in Canada don’t do until grade 8. And they don’t use calculators, either.

Look, I can drive a car. I can sit in the driver’s seat, turn the key, and steer the wheel. I don’t understand why a car works, but I can get from point A to point B.

Similarly, by teaching and reinforcing the basics, at least kids could use math, and with that practice often came understanding. Now we’re trying to teach them to understand it first, but they’re not able to use it. We’re attempting to teach kids how to build an engine, but they still don’t know how to steer a car. And how well, ultimately, will someone do if they haven’t mastered the fundamentals? Perhaps it’s time to get back to basics. That’s what our grandparents did, and they knew how to make change.

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What Unites Us: Why Anti-Bullying Efforts Often Miss the Mark

'Bully Free Zone' photo (c) 2008, Eddie~S - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/Every Friday my syndicated column appears in a bunch of newspapers in southeastern Ontario. This week’s is specifically about proposed legislation in Ontario, but it’s a common issue throughout North America, so see what you think. It’s rather controversial, and I considered not putting it up on the blog because it doesn’t really go with the marriage theme that I usually write about, but I know people come here specifically for the column, so here you go:

It’s now 2012, which means that we’re supposed to move forwards, not backwards. But you wouldn’t know it by looking at the Ontario legislature’s new anti-bullying legislation. Instead of treating everyone as equals, it’s fighting old battles, and runs the danger of reinforcing old hatreds.

Before I explain why, let me take a detour to Winnipeg, another provincial capital, which is currently embroiled in a brouhaha over a $100 million new Human Rights Museum. Millions of dollars of government money has flowed into the project, but unfortunately, instead of producing peace and harmony, it’s produced squabbling. One of the things hampering the project is that people can’t agree on what human rights abuses should be highlighted. All the groups who have endured genocide are volleying to have their particular tragedies front and centre. Instead of fostering a sense of shared humanity, it’s fomenting more ethnic grievances.

Often what sounds well-meaning, then, ends up doing more damage. I would put “hate crime” laws and much anti-bullying legislation, like this proposed “Accepting Schools Act”, in that category. Any legislation that identifies certain groups as more worthy of protection than others is fundamentally flawed. Why not crack down on all violence and intimidation, and not just violence against certain classes of people? Highlight certain groups as more needing of protection, and you inadvertently create a race to see who can be the next protected class. You pit special interest group against special interest group, and you propagate this idea that we are primarily members of certain groups, not sharers of a common humanity. It’s silly, it’s counterproductive, and it’s wrong.

It also really doesn’t work. Running the whole gamut from bullying to genocide, the common thread is thinking of the victim as someone “other”—as distinct from me, and therefore not deserving of respect. Why would we entrench that view in the name of defeating it? Why would we not instead fight against it by promoting what unites us, rather than what divides us? We are all human. Everyone, regardless of race, creed, or sexual orientation, deserves respect. Should that not be our main message?

In fact, the underlying methodology of much anti-bullying efforts is strange. The Accepting Schools Act gives more leverage to schools to expel bullies, which is wonderful. But modern anti-bullying efforts, of which this is a part, also fundamentally operate in terms of group identities, which is what has caused the problem in the first place. Specifically, the act is concerned with bullying of LGBT students. By teaching and educating kids about the LGBT lifestyle, it’s supposed to stop kids from bullying them. But let’s take this to its logical conclusion. This philosophy believes, then, that bullying stems from a lack of education and understanding about each group. If we educate students about the marginalized group—in this case LGBT students—kids will then treat their members better. But what about natives? Or the Roma? Or Jews? By this line of thinking, the only way to stop bullying against those groups is to similarly teach everybody about them.

That’s an impossible task. We can never educate kids about each and every marginalized group. The far better solution is to teach kids what unites us, not what divides us. It’s time to stop thinking in terms of groups. It’s not groups that deserve respect; it’s people—all people. No one deserves to be ostracized, or ridiculed, or attacked, for any reason whatsoever. Let’s work to preserve human dignity, rather than entrenching what divides us.

If people can’t agree on that, then I question their motives. Is this really about ending bullying, or is it about demanding acceptance and special status for their own group? If it’s the latter, then it’s fundamentally anti-human rights, not pro-human rights. After all, that’s what human rights are: “Human” rights; not LGBT rights, or Christian rights, or white rights, or native rights. We are all people. End of story.

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So Smart We’re Stupid

'Day 134: College Graduate' photo (c) 2009, Tom Small - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Every Friday my syndicated column appears in a bunch of newspapers in southeastern Ontario. Here’s this week’s!

There’s an awesome scene during the movie The Incredibles where the parents are fighting about whether or not Dad is going to attend his son’s grade three graduation. Dad thinks the whole idea is stupid. “They’re always trying to come up with new ways to celebrate mediocrity!”

This family of superheroes, hiding in the witness protection program where they must pretend to be normal, struggles with not being able to do their best. When young Dash complains to his mom that he never gets to show anyone he’s special, she replies, “Everybody’s special, Dash,” to which he quips back: “That’s just another way of saying nobody is.”

Last week I wrote about the Occupy protests, and I’d like to take this column to look at where this whining attitude may have originated from. And I think Dash has noticed something important. We live in a society where everybody is special, and we’re quick to tell kids that. You’re smart! You’re fun! You’re a winner! We figure that if kids believe this about themselves, it will become a self-fulfilling prophecy. After all, children who are constantly told they are failures don’t tend to do well. So if we just tell our kids how smart they are, then they’ll try hard!

Turns out, though, that life doesn’t work that way. A few years ago, Carol Dweck, now of Stanford, organized a study of New York City fifth graders. The kids were each asked to solve a fairly easy puzzle. One half of the kids were then told, “You must be smart at this.” The other group was told, “you must have worked really hard.”

Then the kids were offered the choice of two other puzzles. One was the same difficulty level; the other, they were advised, was harder, but they would learn a lot by trying. That’s when things got interesting. Over 90% of the children who were praised for their effort chose the harder puzzle. But over half of those praised for their intelligence chose the easy one.

When we praise kids for their intelligence, rather than their effort, they stop trying. Are we inadvertently creating a generation who doesn’t like to work hard? Yet that is not the only problem.

By praising people’s innate intelligence rather than their motivation or effort, we’re solidifying the Dunning-Kruger effect, which goes like this: those who are very unskilled at something often don’t understand that skill well enough to realize they are quite hopeless at it. Therefore, they will dramatically overestimate how good they are.

That’s what researchers found when they asked American senior high school students about to write a math exam whether or not they excelled at math. Turns out an overwhelming majority believed they did. Then they asked Korean seniors the same thing, and most rated their math performance far below average. Which group do you think scored higher on that test?

For several decades now our parenting styles and our educational styles have been predicated on this belief that if kids just feel good about themselves, they will work hard and succeed. What if we’re wrong? What if what we’re really doing is creating a generation of kids who don’t want to try hard at anything, and yet who simultaneously think they’re smarter and know more than the rest of us? Does this sound at all familiar?

I believe we’d do much better as a society if we stopped praising kids for innate things, like intelligence, or beauty, and instead praised them for things over which they have some control, like motivation, effort, kindness, virtue, or creativity. Then perhaps we’d stop creating these Occupy Whiners protesters, and we’d start raising the next Steve Jobs.

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